First report of <i>Escherichia albertii</i> in Iran: a case study highlighting diagnostic challenges in pediatric gastroenteritis

The study highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with the discrimination between <i>E. coli</i> and <i>E. albertii</i>, which is often misidentified when solely biochemical tests are used. Our findings and literature data suggest that <i>E. albertii</i> should be considered a significant cause of pediatric gastroenteritis, akin to <i>Shigella</i> and enteroinvasive <i>E. coli</i>. These observations emphasize the need for adequate diagnostic protocols, including PCR testing, to accurately identify <i>E. albertii</i> and inform appropriate clinical management strategies. Further research is necessary to deepen our understanding of this emerging pathogen and its implications for human health.