Analysis of the correlation between COL11A1 gene expression and clinical features in bladder urothelial carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is a prevalent urinary malignancy that complicates diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates the diagnostic and prognostic utility of COL11A1, a gene implicated in tumor progression and immune modulation, by analyzing its association with clinicopathological features, tumor progression, and immune infiltration dynamics. Using statistical methods, including Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and immune infiltration profiling, we evaluated COL11A1 expression in 407 BLCA patients and 28 normal controls. Results demonstrated significant COL11A1 overexpression in BLCA tissues versus controls (P < 0.001), with elevated expression correlating with poorer survival outcomes (hazard ratio = 1.53, P = 0.005). Immune infiltration analysis revealed robust positive associations between COL11A1 levels and macrophages, Th1 cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and neutrophils (P < 0.001), alongside significant links to advanced T stage (P < 0.001) and N stage (P = 0.030). These findings establish COL11A1 as a multifaceted biomarker for BLCA, offering critical insights into diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. Further research should elucidate its mechanistic roles in tumorigenesis and immune regulation, with potential applications across malignancies to advance personalized oncology.