Comparative Validation of Blood Gas Analysis, Perfusion Index, and AKIN and RIFLE Scoring Systems in the Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury

Patients with AKI commonly present to emergency departments (EDs) with symptoms such as abdominal pain, decreased urine output, diarrhea, and nausea-vomiting [2].To standardize diagnosis, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) developed the RIFLE criteria in 2004 [5].The RIFLE classification defines AKI severity in three stages (risk, injury, failure) and describes two clinical outcomes (loss and end-stage renal disease) [6].