The Impact of Investment in Transport Infrastructure on Sustainable Development in Central and Eastern European Countries

In the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which have undergone systemic transformation and are economically integrating with the European Union, the development of transport infrastructure has become one of the priorities of public policy, supported by significant financial resources from EU funds. The processes of globalization and the internationalization of enterprises have contributed to the fact that modern businesses face the challenge of achieving synergy between dynamic economic growth and the need for environmental protection and sustainable development. This article attempts to explain the impact of investment in transport infrastructure on sustainable development. The analysis conducted points to both positive effects, such as increased mobility, improved transport accessibility, and enhanced investment attractiveness, as well as negative consequences, including increased CO2 emissions, environmental degradation, and the deepening of regional disparities. The article aims to highlight the implications of transport infrastructure in the context of sustainable development. Two research methods were used in the study: literature analysis and statistical analysis. The Pearson correlation analysis, although conducted for only one research period, showed that countries with more developed motorway networks often exhibit higher CO2 emissions, which may be determined by multiple factors. It should be emphasized that infrastructure development can effectively support sustainable development, provided it is guided by responsible planning and a long-term strategic approach.