A Dynamic Response Model of Subgrade Vibratory Compaction Considering Nonlinear Plastic Deformation of Soil and Jump Vibration of the Drum

Intelligent compaction (IC) has recently gained widespread attention due to its ability to address the issues of low quality and efficiency in traditional subgrade compaction quality control approaches. The dynamic response of vibratory compaction serves as the basis for optimizing the mechanical parameters of the roller and analyzing compaction indicators in IC technology. However, few models can fully reflect the evolving patterns and characteristics of such dynamic responses. In this study, a dynamic response model of vibratory compaction, considering both the nonlinear plastic deformation of subgrade soil and the jump vibration of the drum, was developed to capture the interaction between the roller and the soil. Afterward, the calculation results from the model were compared with existing experimental results to verify its accuracy and reliability. Based on this, a parameter analysis was conducted through the model to explore the effects of elastic stiffness ke, elastic damping coefficient ce, plastic parameter α, drum mass md, and nominal amplitude A0 on the dynamic response of the roller–soil system at different vibration frequency f levels. The Gray correlation analysis method was used to describe the correlation between soil settlement and six influence factors. It indicates that the external factors (f, A0, and md) have a more significant impact on the soil compaction quality than the internal factors (ke, α, and ce). Finally, the mutual feedback mechanism between the drum and soil and the influence mechanism of the harmonic components of drum acceleration were revealed, aiming to offer valuable theoretical insights to guide the optimization of subgrade construction parameters and promote the development of IC technology.