Charged-particle multiplicity distributions over a wide pseudorapidity range in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{{\varvec{s}}}_{{\textbf {NN}}}}={\textbf {5.02}}$$ TeV

Abstract This paper presents the primary charged-particle multiplicity distributions in proton–lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision of $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>NN</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV. The distributions are reported for non-single diffractive collisions in different pseudorapidity ranges. The measurements are performed using the combined information from the Silicon Pixel Detector and the Forward Multiplicity Detector of ALICE. The multiplicity distributions are parametrised with a double negative binomial distribution function which provides satisfactory descriptions of the distributions for all the studied pseudorapidity intervals. The data are compared to models and analysed quantitatively, evaluating the first four moments (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis). The shape evolution of the measured multiplicity distributions is studied in terms of KNO variables and it is found that none of the considered models reproduces the measurements. This paper also reports on the average charged-particle multiplicity, normalised by the average number of participating nucleon pairs, as a function of the collision energy. The multiplicity results are then compared to measurements made in proton–proton and nucleus–nucleus collisions across a wide range of collision energies.

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Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2025-08-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14577-0
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1
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High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.87

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article

Charged-particle multiplicity distributions over a wide pseudorapidity range in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{{\varvec{s}}}_{{\textbf {NN}}}}={\textbf {5.02}}$$ TeV

F. Ronchetti, L. Lautner, I. Chakaberia, K. Barth et al.
1 citations
The European Physical Journal C
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
1.87
article

Charged-particle multiplicity distributions over a wide pseudorapidity range in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{{\varvec{s}}}_{{\textbf {NN}}}}={\textbf {5.02}}$$ TeV

F. Ronchetti, L. Lautner, I. Chakaberia, K. Barth, Adrian Horzyk, N. Rubini, S. Y. Noh, M. Germain, E. López Torres, C. Lippmann, B. Jacak, P. Gasik, M. Guilbaud, Md Samsul Islam, A. Yuncu, K. Schweda, F. Manso, A. Manea, J. G. Contreras, M. Mazzilli, N. Agrawal, C. Kim, Hector David Règules Medel, M. N. Anaam, M. Gagliardi, D. Kim, I.-K. Yoo, I. G. Bearden, B. Paul, Manuel Viqueira Rodriguez, G. Luparello, A. Dubla, W. Guo, T. Virgili, R. Turrisi, D. Hatzifotiadou, F. Cindolo, R. Rath, Artem Kotliarov, Y. Kwon, K. Røed, G. De Cataldo, D. Ruggiano, I. Selyuzhenkov, S. Thakur, Martin Andreas Volkl, Abhay Kumar Agarwal, V. Kučera, S. R. Klein, I. Fokin, Tonatiuh García Chàvez, A. Shangaraev, A. Grelli, T. Bodova, M. V. Hartung, D. Røhr, A. Augustinus, C. Andrei, Y. W. Baek, A. Margotti, S. Arcelli, A. Bhasin, M. Sitta, Maria Teresa Camerlingo, C. Markert, I. Altsybeev, Neal Nathanson, T. Siemiarczuk, M. M. Czarnynoga, A. Andronic, Giulia Gioachin, M. Agnello, G. L. Usaı́, A. Nyanin, R. Divià, B. Ulukutlu, X. Li, Bushra Ali, J. Castillo Castellanos, M. Planinić, A. Rakotozafindrabe, C. Terrevoli, J. Schukraft, Emma Rose Yeats, A. Tavira García, Gianni Shigeru Setoue Liveraro, V. Nikulin, R. Lietava, A. Morsch, M. B. Gay Ducati, K. Xiong, A. Vodopyanov, Geovane Grossi Araújo de Souza, K. Gwizdziel, V. Zaccolo, E. Grecka, R. Lavicka, E. García-Solis, Siyu Tang, F. Soramel, J. Wilkinson, P. Chochula, A. Kalweit, S. A. Bysiak, Jesús Ricardo Alvarado García, Pritam Chakraborty, Konstantin Mikhaylov, J. W. Myrcha, S. Ahmad, H. M. Alfanda, Z. Banoo, Mihai Carabaș, M. Arslandok, T. Fusayasu, S. Saha, S. Das, K. E. Iversen, C. Wang, F. Mazzaschi, D. Mallick, Diana Rosales Herrera, B. Sitár, I. Ravasenga, C. Ferrero, A. Sturniolo, Pradeep Paudel, M. Bombara, Guido Alexander Willems, A. Harton, Olaf Massen, F. Grosa, A. Hutson, A. Trifirò, L. Betev, T. Alt, Ernst Hellbär, D. Colella, A. Rai, F. Colamaria, S. Grigoryan, C. Sonnabend, Nicolas Schmidt, R. J. G. van Weelden, Justin Thomas Blair, E. Frajna, W. Rzesa, C. Blume, S. Foertsch, Partha Pratim Bhaduri, Stéphane Lambert, Victor Trubnikov, Mihail Bogdan Blidaru, A. Rustamov, N. Minafra, T. Gündem, N. Zurlo, Batoul Diab, Y. Wang, P. Christiansen, A. M. Gago, S. Iurchenko, S. C. Wenzel, J. M. Jowett, P. Martinengo, A. Akindinov, Yaroslav A. Berdnikov, F. Catalano, R. Gupta, E. Barreau, M. R. Cosentino, Sanghoon Lim, H. Hamagaki, S. Kushpil, P. Giubilato, S. Biswas, D. Di Bari, S. Tomassini, Ganesh Jagannath Tambave, Filippo Costa, L. Gyulai, B. Windelband, B. S. Nielsen, F. Antinori, E. Kryshen, Dimitar Lubomirov Mihaylov, D. Mihai, D. Stocco, F. Fan, M. Keil, L. Nellen, V. Vechernin, Anton Albert Riedel, E. Vercellin, M. W. Menzel, N. Novitzky, Brian Gerald Hanley, A. Vasiliev, B. Ketzer, Evgeny Andronov, A. G. Borquez Carcamo, C. Ristea, D. J. Kim, M. Broz, M. C. Hwang, K. F. Read, I. Vorobyev, G. Bonomi, L. Quaglia, S. Kumar, J. Wikne, C. Krug, Sushobhan Kumar Mandal, P. Lu, J. Ryu, D. Budnikov, A. Uras, R. Bellwied, G. Batigne, C. Hadjidakis, Rune Langoy, Jong-Han Park, P. G. Kuijer, R. Rui, Marcello Di Costanzo, P. Ganoti, A. Zarochentsev, A. Fernández Téllez, D. Thomas, P. Pillot, Horst Sebastian Scheid, A. R. Timmins, Florian Eisenhut, R. Nania, Iaroslav Panasenko, Diana Mária Krupová, I. Legrand, G. Scioli, E. Nappi, P. Závada, L. Bianchi, Renu Bala, Yanchun Ding, P. Becht, Hikari Murakami, F. Bellini, J. Bielčík, D. Karatovic, C. H. A. Koster, N. Burmasov, J. Bielčíková, S. Tripathy, Max Philip Rauch, P. Glässel, M. D. Buckland, R. C. Lemmon, A. Ferrero, C. Klein-Bösing, A. De, A. Dainese, P. Crochet, G. Skorodumovs, A. Riabov, Justus Arne Rudolph, M. D. Azmi, P. Braun‐Munzinger, Tiago Fiorini da Silva, M. Šuljić, J. M. M. Camacho, C. Nattrass, S. S. Räsänen, M. Krüger, Janet Elizabeth Seger, S. Khan, M. Sharma, A. Furs, P. La Rocca, T. Klemenz, J. E. M. Mendez, J. Jung, A. Rossi, Tulika Tripathy, S. A. Rodríguez Ramírez, A. A. P. Jimenez, B. Kileng, B. Heybeck, R. Hannigan, I. Ahuja, T. Triloki, S. Mattiazzo, I. Stan, Kyle Christian Devereaux, G. Aglieri Rinella, E. Laudi, Maja Jadwiga Karwowska, M. Chen, A. Dash, Y. Hou, N. Bize, M. Lamanna, M. Hemmer, S. Sambyal, Vladislav Kuskov, A. Modak, L. S. Barnby, A. Gupta, C. Kobdaj, D. Blau, M. Al-Turany, Daiki Sekihata, C. Garabatos, Y. Mao, S. Evdokimov, J. Ditzel, S. De Pasquale, S. Yano, I. Pshenichnov, D. Sarkar, G. V. Margagliotti, M. Ciacco, G. Kornakov, C. A. Reetz, I. León Monzón, Y. Bailung, Tebogo Joyce Shaba, Amanda Nicole Flores, J. Oleniacz, A. Junique, M. Kim, G. Wilk, G. Mart́inez Garćia, Shengxin Lin, Y. Kharlov, V. Singhal, A. Badalà, F. M. Fionda, L. B. Havener, R. Preghenella, C. Cheshkov, A. Jusko, X. Peng, V. Muccifora, G. Tejeda Muñoz, Amalesh Kumar Manna, S. Piano, K. Ullaland, A. Fantoni, S. Ragoni, Hari Mohan Gaur, Bartosz Baliś, B. Bhattacharjee, D. Behera, C. De Martín, F. Jonas, Corrado Gargiulo, Davide Chiappara, S. Nese, B. Espagnon, S. 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Abstract

Abstract This paper presents the primary charged-particle multiplicity distributions in proton–lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision of $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>NN</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV. The distributions are reported for non-single diffractive collisions in different pseudorapidity ranges. The measurements are performed using the combined information from the Silicon Pixel Detector and the Forward Multiplicity Detector of ALICE. The multiplicity distributions are parametrised with a double negative binomial distribution function which provides satisfactory descriptions of the distributions for all the studied pseudorapidity intervals. The data are compared to models and analysed quantitatively, evaluating the first four moments (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis). The shape evolution of the measured multiplicity distributions is studied in terms of KNO variables and it is found that none of the considered models reproduces the measurements. This paper also reports on the average charged-particle multiplicity, normalised by the average number of participating nucleon pairs, as a function of the collision energy. The multiplicity results are then compared to measurements made in proton–proton and nucleus–nucleus collisions across a wide range of collision energies.

The European Physical Journal CVol. 85(8)
University of Foggia (IT), Warsaw University of Technology (PL), National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (IT), University of Messina (IT), Hiroshima University (JP), Goethe University Frankfurt (DE), Creighton University (US), Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT), University of Copenhagen (DK), University of Science and Technology of China (CN), Jagiellonian University (PL), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (IN), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR), A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory (AM), Gangneung–Wonju National University (KR), University of Bonn (DE), Gauhati University (IN), University of Trieste (IT), University of Jammu (IN), University of Tsukuba (JP), University of Kansas (US), University of Liverpool (GB), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (UA), California Polytechnic State University (US), Bose Institute (IN), Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (IN), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IN), National Institute of Science Education and Research (IN), Chungbuk National University (KR), GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (DE), Aligarh Muslim University (IN), Saga University (JP), Politecnico di Torino (IT), University of Zagreb (HR), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR), Technical University of Košice (SK), University of Oslo (NO), Wayne State University (US), Lund University (SE), Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (JP), Inha University (KR), University of the Witwatersrand (ZA), Utrecht University (NL), Yonsei University (KR), Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (MX), Université Clermont Auvergne (FR), Homi Bhabha National Institute (IN), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR), Université de Lyon (FR), University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik (SK), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK), University of Wrocław (PL), University of Derby (GB), Heidelberg University (DE), Fudan University (CN), University of Pavia (IT), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), Helsinki Institute of Physics (FI), University of South-Eastern Norway (NO), Daresbury Laboratory (GB), University of California System (US), Sejong University (KR), China University of Geosciences (CN), Yale University (US), Institute of Physics, Bhubaneshwar (IN), Central China Normal University (CN), Yıldız Technical University (TR), Max Planck Institute for Physics (DE), Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (RO), National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NL), China Institute of Atomic Energy (CN), National Centre for Nuclear Research (PL), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (IT), Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (IT), Environnement, ville, société (FR), FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (CZ), HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics (HU), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari (IT), National Nuclear Research Center (AZ), South Great Plain Regional Innovation Agency (HU), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (IT), Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo (BR), Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary (RO), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT), Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute (CZ), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (IT), Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics (AT), Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics (UA), Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (DE), National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (ID), Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CU), Gesellschaft Fur Mathematik Und Datenverarbeitung (DE), National Research and Innovation Agency (ID), University of Bergen (NO), University of Houston (US), Czech Technical University in Prague (CZ), Pusan National University (KR), Panjab University (IN), The Ohio State University (US), Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (BG), Universitatea Națională de Știință și Tehnologie Politehnica București (RO), Technical University of Munich (DE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IN), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PE), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX), AGH University of Krakow (PL), Polytechnic University of Bari (IT), Université de Strasbourg (FR), Universidade Federal do ABC (BR), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (MX), Chicago State University (US), Comenius University Bratislava (SK), The University of Tokyo (JP), University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US), University of Birmingham (GB), University of Brescia (IT), Jeonbuk National University (KR), University of Tübingen (DE), Suranaree University of Technology (TH), Sungkyunkwan University (KR), The University of Texas at Austin (US), National Research Foundation (ZA), Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KR), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX), Université Grenoble Alpes (FR), University of Split (HR), University of Jyväskylä (FI), University of California, Berkeley (US), Nantes Université (FR), Nara Women's University (JP), Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Villum Fonden, CERN, Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, European Commission, National Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, University Grants Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Austrian Science Fund, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, National Research Foundation of Korea, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Suranaree University of Technology, Vetenskapsrådet, Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Norges Forskningsråd, Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd, State Committee of Science, Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Nuclear Physics, FP7 International Cooperation
Openalex Percentile: Top 12%
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
1.87
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