Sedimentary Records of Paleoflood Events in the Desert Section of the Upper Yellow River Since the Late Quaternary

The frequency and intensity of paleofloods reveal long-term hydrological changes and their responses to regional climate variations. This study focuses on sediment core HDZ04 from the desert section of the upper Yellow River, analyzing sediment grain size and elemental characteristics to reconstruct paleoflood events over the past 30,000 years. Using the EMMA end-member model, four end-member components were extracted, and the proportion of the two coarser end-members was used as a proxy for flood dynamics. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that ln(Zr/Ti) correlates more significantly with grain size value than ln(Zr/Rb), establishing Zr/Ti as a reliableproxy for paleoflood reconstruction. Integrating physical and chemical indicators with OSL dating, the reconstructed paleoflood sequence shows high frequency and intensity from 30~12 ka, lower values during the early and middle Holocene, and a significant increase in the late Holocene (3~0 ka). Comparison with regional climate records indicates that cold and dry periods correspond to higher paleoflood frequency and intensity. This multi-proxy approach provides a transferable framework for reconstructing past flood events in other alluvial systems worldwide, enhancing our understanding of hydrological responses to climatic forcing.