ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND LAND MANAGEMENT: APPLICATION OF GIS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL LANDSCAPES

Within the framework of the conducted research, a comprehensive analysis of innovative methodological approaches to environmental planning and land use organization was carried out, with an emphasis on the integration of geographic information systems as a key tool for optimizing the protection of natural geocomplexes. The scientific work included the systematization of determinants that determine the ecological resistance of territories, among which were identified: the intensity of anthropogenic transformation, climatogenic changes, destructive processes of the lithogenic base, as well as specific geodynamic phenomena. Special attention was paid to the testing of remote monitoring methods that involve the use of high-resolution multispectral satellite images for qualimetric analysis of the state of biogeocenoses, diagnostics of transformational trends in land use, and preventive modeling of environmental threats. The high efficiency of GIS analytics in the context of ecosystem change verification has been empirically proven, which constitutes a methodological basis for the formation of polystrategies for the sustainable development of territorial systems. The conceptual model of incorporating geoinformation technologies into land management procedures has been substantiated, aimed at the synergy of spatial planning, conservation of biotic diversity and rationalization of agrarian forest reclamation management. Methodological approaches to geospatial landscape analysis have been supplemented, which integrates algorithms for classifying degraded areas, quantitative assessment of phytocenosis dynamics, and identification of zones of increased eco-risk. A multi-criteria algorithm for predicting catastrophic processes has been proposed a priori, based on the synthesis of digital terrain models (DTM), hyperspectral imaging, and stochastic models for predicting environmental changes. The prospects of using GIS platforms for implementing an ecocentric paradigm of territorial development, which minimizes anthropogenic pressure on biosphere components, have been proven. Experimental results demonstrate that the convergence of geoinformation modeling with remote sensing analysis methods provides precise monitoring of landscape transformations, forming a scientific foundation for ecologized land management.