TECHNOLOGIES OF GEOINFORMATIC MODELLING FOR SPATIAL OBJECTS

This article is dedicated to the study of the capabilities of advanced information technologies currently used in urban planning. Cities are complex systems, and the development of proposals for their development or documentation (master plans or individual plans of urban districts) requires the designer to operate with a significant amount of cartographic and statistical data, which is why information technology has become widespread in urban planning. The article reviews the most important information technology for urban planners nowadays - the technology of geoinformation modelling of spatial objects. The article provides an analysis of the main scientific works devoted to GIS, describes the history and peculiarities of GIS implementation in Ukraine, and the relevant regulatory and legal acts. The wide functionality of GIS technology makes it the main tool of a designer for performing such tasks as archiving, data monitoring, analysis of urbanised areas and making balanced design solutions. The article also discusses the general structure of GIS databases (the main types of data and programmes that ensure the functioning of the database); vector and raster types of cartographic data storage (special tasks for which each type is more suitable), as well as methods of developing a working GIS database. A comparison of the specific features of CAD principles and GIS as a digital visualisation tool for urban planning is presented. The most common GIS file format is named, an overview of other commonly used formats of vector and raster type is given, and a brief description of them is provided. The article describes the ecosystem of ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) software for urban planning, the functionality and scenarios for the use of certain software tools of this ecosystem (ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Urban, ArcGIS CityEngine, ArcGIS StoryMaps and ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World).