Factors influencing self-decision in withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments among older patients admitted to general hospital: A retrospective case-control study

The self-decision group (i.e., those in internal medicine, with cancer, admitted to general wards, and maintaining consciousness) chose reduced futile LSTs. These findings highlight the need to develop a standardized protocol for counseling and education to facilitate informed end-of-life decisions among older inpatients.