Turkish While-in-Bed Smartphone-Use-Induced Sleep Procrastination Scale (TWSSPS): Scale Development and Validation in Adolescents

Despite a steady increase in while-in-bed smartphone use among adolescents worldwide, there has been a lack of research on while-in-bed smartphone use. The present study focused on measuring while-in-bed smartphone-induced sleep procrastination and aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish while-in-bed smartphone-induced sleep procrastination scale for adolescents. The research was designed as a mixed-method study. A total of 857 Turkish adolescents were included in different phases of the study. The results showed that the 3-dimensional structure and the 22-item instrument were validated for Turkish adolescents. The instrument provided high-reliability scores. The results suggest that this instrument is useful for assessing while-in-bed smartphone-use-induced sleep procrastination in adolescents.