DIETETARY MODULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS: AN EVIDENCE-BASED REVIEW

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory disease of the large intestine, limited to the mucous membrane. The manifestation of the condition is characterised by periods of exacerbation and remission. The onset of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is most often due to a combination of genetic susceptibility, immune system hyperactivity, microbiota disorders, epithelial barrier defects and environmental factors, including diet. In addition to conventional pharmacological interventions, there is an increasing focus on the importance of a nutritionally balanced diet as a supportive component of the treatment process. A review of the extant preclinical and clinical studies indicates the beneficial effects of fibre, especially the soluble fraction, vitamin D3, curcumin and zinc. These substances have been demonstrated to alleviate the symptoms of the disease and promote remission by supporting the gut microbiota and inhibiting inflammatory processes. The effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids remains to be fully confirmed, necessitating further research, but the preliminary results are encouraging. A balanced diet is an integral component of the therapeutic management of patients diagnosed with UC. However, further research is required to standardise clinical recommendations.