The role of public health networks in strengthening public health systems: the case of EMPHNET in the Eastern Mediterranean region

The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) faces a range of complex public health challenges, including endemic diseases, recurrent outbreaks, and weak health systems exacerbated by political instability and humanitarian crises. Public health networks play a pivotal role in addressing these challenges by fostering collaboration, enhancing workforce capacity, and strengthening disease prevention and response systems. This manuscript examines the contributions of the Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) as a model for leveraging public health networks to improve health systems and outcomes in the EMR. EMPHNET operates across multiple public health domains, including disease surveillance, routine immunization, polio eradication, emergency management, non-communicable diseases, neglected tropical disease (NTDs), and One Health initiatives. Through its strategic partnerships with ministries of health, international organizations, and academic institutions, EMPHNET has strengthened epidemiological capacity, supported mass vaccination campaigns, and advanced research and policy development. Notable initiatives include enhancing syndromic surveillance and implementing laboratory-based brucellosis surveillance. In addition to infectious disease control, EMPHNET has made significant strides in maternal and child health, workforce development, and digital health innovations. It has supported national immunization strategies, developed digital health tools for real-time surveillance, and provided capacity-building programs for frontline healthcare workers. Furthermore, EMPHNET's contributions to biosecurity, antimicrobial resistance, and NTDs underscore its commitment to addressing both regional and global health threats. In conclusion, EMPHNET has emerged as a leading organization in strengthening public health systems in the EMR. Its work highlights the critical role of public health networks in building resilience, enhancing emergency preparedness, and improving population health outcomes.