Exploring the willingness to pay for HPV vaccines and price sensitivity among Chinese college students: the impact of health literacy and vaccine hesitancy

Examination of HL and VH provided a valuable framework for understanding the WTP for HPV vaccines. The van Westendorp PSM confirmed that the price sensitivity of the nine-valent HPV vaccine exceeded its affordability. Integrating vaccines into medical insurance, implementing targeted tiered subsidies (e.g., an optimal subsidy of 269.81 CNY, or at least 126.20 CNY), and conducting tailored education addressing HL/VH should be prioritized as potential solutions.