TBI history and psychological symptom improvements following exercise therapies among U.S. service members

Study findings showed that TBI history did not moderate depression outcomes, or PTSD outcomes from pre-to postprogram, following surf and hike therapies. However, service members without a history of TBI reported significantly greater improvements in PTSD symptom severity during the follow-up period, whereas those with a TBI history maintained their gains. Results suggest that while comparable in the short term, TBI history may reduce longer term PTSD symptom improvements following exercise interventions, such as surf and hike therapies.