Team vs. individual sports in adolescence: gendered mechanisms linking emotion regulation, social support, and self-efficacy to psychological resilience

Our findings demonstrate that sport types function as gendered ecological niches for resilience cultivation. Specifically, team settings leverage interpersonal dynamics to enhance male self-efficacy and Female emotional competencies, while individual activities offer equitable platforms for social support development. These insights contest uniform exercise recommendations and furnish a blueprint for tailored, gender-sensitive interventions grounded in sport participation.