Plug-and-play solution for characterizing two-way optical frequency transfer over free-space
Optical clock networks connected by phase-coherent links offer significant potential for advancing fundamental research and diverse scientific applications. Free-space optical frequency transfer extends fiber-based connectivity to remote areas and holds the potential for global coverage via satellite links. Here we present a compact and robust portable, rack-integrated two-way free-space link characterization system. Equipped with plug-and-play capabilities, the system enables straightforward interfacing with various optical systems and facilitates quick deployment for field experiments. In this work, we achieve a fractional frequency instability of 2.0 × 10<sup>-19</sup> for an averaging time of 10 s over a 3.4 km horizontal fully folded intra-city free-space link. Moreover, the system maintains an uptime of 94<i>%</i> over 15 hours, illustrating its reliability and effectiveness for high-precision optical frequency comparisons over free-space.
Authors
- Fabian Steinlechner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1182)
- Sebastian Koke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-5701)
- Shambo Mukherjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-6423)
- Marcel Rothe
- Alexander Kühl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-8075)
- Markus Leipe
- Jingxian Ji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-6192)
- Jochen Kronjaeger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5181-1407)
Institutions
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (DE)
- Department of Geodesy, Remote Sensing and Land Offices (HU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Optics Express
- Published
- 2025-08-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.557708
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00