Plug-and-play solution for characterizing two-way optical frequency transfer over free-space

Optical clock networks connected by phase-coherent links offer significant potential for advancing fundamental research and diverse scientific applications. Free-space optical frequency transfer extends fiber-based connectivity to remote areas and holds the potential for global coverage via satellite links. Here we present a compact and robust portable, rack-integrated two-way free-space link characterization system. Equipped with plug-and-play capabilities, the system enables straightforward interfacing with various optical systems and facilitates quick deployment for field experiments. In this work, we achieve a fractional frequency instability of 2.0 × 10<sup>-19</sup> for an averaging time of 10 s over a 3.4 km horizontal fully folded intra-city free-space link. Moreover, the system maintains an uptime of 94<i>%</i> over 15 hours, illustrating its reliability and effectiveness for high-precision optical frequency comparisons over free-space.

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Publication Details

Journal
Optics Express
Published
2025-08-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.557708
Primary Topic
Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Plug-and-play solution for characterizing two-way optical frequency transfer over free-space

Fabian Steinlechner, Sebastian Koke, Shambo Mukherjee, Marcel Rothe et al.
Optics Express
Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
article

Plug-and-play solution for characterizing two-way optical frequency transfer over free-space

Fabian Steinlechner, Sebastian Koke, Shambo Mukherjee, Marcel Rothe, Alexander Kühl, Markus Leipe, Jingxian Ji, Jochen Kronjaeger
article en

Abstract

Optical clock networks connected by phase-coherent links offer significant potential for advancing fundamental research and diverse scientific applications. Free-space optical frequency transfer extends fiber-based connectivity to remote areas and holds the potential for global coverage via satellite links. Here we present a compact and robust portable, rack-integrated two-way free-space link characterization system. Equipped with plug-and-play capabilities, the system enables straightforward interfacing with various optical systems and facilitates quick deployment for field experiments. In this work, we achieve a fractional frequency instability of 2.0 × 10<sup>-19</sup> for an averaging time of 10 s over a 3.4 km horizontal fully folded intra-city free-space link. Moreover, the system maintains an uptime of 94<i>%</i> over 15 hours, illustrating its reliability and effectiveness for high-precision optical frequency comparisons over free-space.

Optics ExpressVol. 33(19)
Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (DE), Department of Geodesy, Remote Sensing and Land Offices (HU)
Openalex Percentile: Top 82%
Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
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