First record of Cynipidae in Brazil: A new species of gall wasp of the genus Diastrophus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Diastrophini)

We describe Diastrophus brasiliensis Oliveira & Melo sp. nov., a gall inducer on stems of Rubus brasiliensis Mart. and R. sellowii Cham. & Schlitdl. (Rosaceae). This represents the first record of the family Cynipidae in Brazil and the second species of Diastrophus Hartig from the Neotropical region. The new species differs from the remaining Diastrophus mainly by its entirely rugose mesoscutum. We also generated molecular data for the new taxon and conducted an exploratory phylogenetic analysis to investigate its placement within Diastrophini.