A hybrid RTDA–PID control strategy for BLDC motors using FOPDT based approximation and SBOA optimization

Abstract The proposed work is developed based on an enhanced Brushless DC (BLDC) motor multi-control scheme for torque regulation and suspension windings employing a First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) system. The model introduces a dual Robust, Tracking, Disturbance Rejection, and Aggressiveness (RTDA) controller, based on the Kariwala and Ogunnaike approach, integrated with the FOPDT framework. In parallel, a PID controller is also integrated with the FOPDT system, where the PID parameters are fine-tuned using the Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA) to reduce torque ripple and eliminate overshoot. The PID-SBOA combination focuses on minimizes ripple and improving dynamic response, while the RTDA controller ensures robust and precise tracking to enhance overall system performance. The proposed control strategies are implemented and validated in MATLAB/Simulink, with each controller’s performance evaluated independently. As a result, the proposed multi-control scheme demonstrates superior performance in terms of faster response time and improved stability.