Risk of second primary cancers among melanoma survivors following radiotherapy: A population-based cohort study

Radiotherapy was associated with a modest but statistically significant increase in long-term SPC risk in melanoma survivors, particularly for radiosensitive cancers. These findings support the need for long-term, risk-adapted surveillance strategies, especially among middle-aged males receiving radiotherapy. Future studies should integrate clinical, genetic, and dosimetric data to better inform individualised survivorship care.