Impact of determination method and sample type on basic wood density analysis and its implications for <i>Eucalyptus</i> pulp production

Abstract Basic wood density is vital for forest-based industries, especially pulp production. However, sample saturation time before analysis poses challenges, with variations in sample types and methods leading to inconsistencies. This study evaluated the impact of different methods, sample types, and saturation parameters on Eucalyptus basic wood density and pulp industry metrics. Five Eucalyptus clones ( E. grandis , E. urophylla , and hybrids) from a São Paulo experimental plot were analyzed. Samples included discs and wood chips collected along the commercial stem. Basic density was determined using the hydrostatic balance method, while chips were also analyzed via the maximum moisture content method. Saturation methods significantly influenced density values, with differences of up to 28 kg/m 3 . Tests 2 and 3 reduced saturation time to 6 days versus 9–15 days for other methods. Density differences between wedges and chips appeared only in clone C2, with variations up to 11 kg m 3 . Saturation methods affected wood consumption predictions, ranging from 2 to 263 m 3 /ton of air-dried pulp. Test 3 (vacuum, pressure, and 100 °C) was the most efficient. Findings highlight that sample type, saturation, and methods influence basic density variability, directly impacting pulp production efficiency.