Temporal Architecture of Language Processing: A Human Factors Analysis of Congruency Effects in Sequential

The present study examines how the modality of information presentation (sequential vs. random) affects user processing efficiency across diverse linguistic backgrounds. Results from 60 participants (15 monolingual English speakers and 45 multilingual speakers of Spanish, French, and Arabic) demonstrate that sequential presentation significantly enhances processing efficiency regardless of linguistic background. The investigation reveals substantial temporal processing effects that transcend linguistic boundaries, including a significant interaction between congruency and language group. These findings inform evidence-based design principles for multilingual interfaces, with direct applications in emergency response systems, aviation displays, healthcare information systems, and other high-stakes environments where information processing efficiency is critical for performance and safety.