MXene-based hybrid composites for lithium-ion batteries: advances in synthesis strategies and electrochemical performance

Abstract T he growing need for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has catalyzed the exploration of advanced electrode materials with enhanced energy density, rate performance, and cycle stability. MXene, a two-dimensional family of transition metal carbides and nitrides, exhibits exceptional conductivity, rich surface chemistry, and structural tunability, making it a prime candidate for next-generation LIBs. However, their practical deployment is constrained by restacking, oxidation susceptibility, and limited volumetric capacity. This review examines the recent progress in MXene-derived composites designed to overcome these drawbacks. The MXene-based electrode achieves an enhanced lithium storage mechanism, improved structural resilience, and superior charge transport characteristics by forming a hybrid with a carbon nanostructure, metal oxides, and polymers. A critical analysis of the electrochemical performance metrics, composite architecture, and interface behavior is presented alongside discussions of material-specific trade-offs. The review highlights future design strategies to scale MXene composites for commercial applications and integrate them into flexible, solid-state LIBs. These insights provide a roadmap towards high-capacity, long-life, and sustainable energy storage systems. Graphical Abstract MXene-based hybrids overcome limitations of pure MXenes by improving conductivity, capacity, and stability—offering high-performance solutions for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.