Antibacterial by Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle by hydrothermal method

Iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles demonstrate significant antibacterial properties combined with facile synthesis potential. This study examines the concentration-dependent antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) characterization reveals agglomerated, irregularly shaped nanoparticles with crystalline sizes ranging from 35.73 to 71.49 nm, exhibiting semi-spherical morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms polycrystalline structure with rectangular tetrahedral geometry. Antibacterial assessment shows pronounced inhibition zones, with E. coli exhibiting maximum sensitivity at 0.08 g nanoparticle concentration. The crystalline structure and morphological characteristics correlate with observed antimicrobial efficacy, suggesting structure-dependent biological activity. These findings highlight the potential of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents, with implications for biomedical and industrial applications.