A mobbing történeti áttekintése a hazai és nemzetközi szakirodalom tükrében

It is typical in postmodern and consumer societies that everyday activities are carried out across various fields by specific professions in diverse communities. As one of the elements of group dynamics is emerging, the mobbing, i.e. the so-called workplace harassment, is independent of work done among individuals active in these communities. The term workplace „mobbing" entered the professional discourse in the 1970s. Before this, similar behaviour was predominantly documented among school-aged children, particularly in boarding school settings, and was commonly referred to as "bullying" in English literature. While bullying typically refers to aggressive behaviour that can also escalate to physical violence, mobbing is more closely associated with psycho-terror, manifesting as mental and emotional pressure rather than physical action. In workplace settings, emotional harassment is the primary feature, perpetrated by a single individual (or individuals) who victimises one of the co-workers, making his/her life intolerable. Mobbing is more prevalent in highly hierarchical organisations, such as the military, closed institutions, boarding schools, sports clubs, and various domains within healthcare, including hospitals and caregiving institutions. This study examines the occurrence of mobbing specifically in the healthcare sector. Methodology Review of the relevant literature covered both national and international publications, while using relevant keywords in online databases. The primary focus of the analysis was on the concepts of "bullying" and "mobbing," which are fundamental in the context of interpersonal conflicts and psychosocial stressors. For data collection, there were used the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus scientific databases were used, restricting the time window to the period between 2000 and 2023. The initial searching process yielded a total of 134 relevant outcomes. To refine this initial set of results, additional specific keywords such as "healthcare" and "nurse" were added, directing the focus toward the phenomena as they appear in the healthcare sector. As a result, items were reduced to 74, which, by their content and relevance, provided a solid foundation for an in-depth analysis. These sources formed the basis for synthesising the phenomena of "bullying" and "mobbing" within the context of the healthcare sector, focused particularly on nurses. The reviewed literature presented not only the frequency and impact of these issues but also highlighted their effects on the mental and physical health of those affected, as well as their organisational and professional consequences. The careful application of the search capabilities offered by the databases and the use of relevant keywords ensured that the selected sources were scientifically robust and aligned with the objectives of the analysis. Conclusion Literature on mobbing in the healthcare sector highlights that nursing staff are particularly affected; however, other members of healthcare teams are not exempt. Numerous international studies underscore the relevance of this topic, with a growing number of cases documented globally. The domestic literature concerning healthcare is less represented, but this phenomenon should also be a part of everyday professional life in local settings as well.