Differences in the subjective quality of life among individuals with physical disabilities based on sports activity - in the Slovak context

Background: Individuals with physical disabilities face numerous limitations in daily life. Physical activity offers proven benefits. In this context, the text focuses on the role of sports in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with physical disabilities, while also linking these areas to social work. It draws upon the ideas of Jane Addams and Samuel Barnett, who viewed sports as a tool for addressing social issues. Aim: The study aims to assess differences in quality of life between individuals with physical disabilities who engage in adapted sports and those who do not. Methods: The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to measure quality of life across four domains: Physical health, Psychological health, Social relationships, and Environmental health. The study included 162 individuals with physical disabilities (110 sports participants, 52 non-participants). Results: The findings indicate that sports participants report higher quality of life across all domains. The most significant differences were found in Psychological health, where athletes demonstrated higher self-esteem, greater life satisfaction, and lower stress levels. Physical health scores were also higher among sports participants, likely due to improved mobility and fitness. Social relationships benefited from increased interaction and community involvement. Environmental health scores were also elevated, reflecting better access to resources and well-being.