Research on the Energy Efficiency of the Wireless Sensor Network for Measurement of the Main Physicochemical Parameters of the Soil

This article presents a study of the energy efficiency of a wireless sensor network for measuring the main physicochemical parameters of soil. The main physicochemical parameters of soil are measured—acidity and electrical conductivity. The study on the transmission of measured data on the main soil parameters is conducted through simulation, with program modules developed in the MATLAB environment. Four main protocols for data routing are studied—the LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), EAMMH (Energy-Aware Multi-Hop Multi-Path Hierarchical), SEP (Stable Election Protocol for clustered heterogeneous WSN), and TEEN (Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Network). The results of the main energy indicators are obtained and a comparative analysis of the two protocols is carried out. The results obtained show that the SEP and TEEN routing protocols have better performance and efficiency with respect to inactive nodes in the network compared to the other two protocols. The EAMMH and LEACH routing protocols are the best in terms of the energy consumption by sensors in the network.