Transformation of the Material Flows of Rare Earth Metals and Their Compounds on the Global Market

The material flows of rare earth metals (REMs) worldwide are overviewed. The predominant role of China in the global REMs market is highlighted, with its production share being around 70% in recent years. Key trends in market development over the past few years are shown in terms of import and export flows. A trend toward increasing exports of Chinese rare earth products with higher added value (magnets) is noted. The quantitative dependence of certain countries (the United States, Japan, EU) on Chinese shipments of REMs is emphasized, along with the identification of major producers and their supply directions outside China. Data on the growth of China’s imports of rare earth raw materials in the form of unprocessed products from Malaysia, Myanmar, and Vietnam are presented. The conclusion is drawn regarding a partial reorientation of Chinese shipments of REM compounds to Asian countries.