Integrated Water Resource Management in Iraq: balancing supply, demand, and distribution losses

Iraq faces significant water scarcity challenges due to a combination of external and internal factors, including upstream water diversions, ageing infrastructure, and climate variability. This study provides an integrated analysis of Iraq's water resource management, examining the balance between supply, demand, and water losses in both northern and southern regions. Using data from official sources, the study highlights the declining water imports from the Tigris and Euphrates, regional disparities in water production, and the rising inefficiencies in water distribution networks. The analysis emphasises the need for infrastructure modernisation and investment in alternative water technologies to ensure Iraq's water security. Recommendations include upgrading distribution systems, expanding desalination capacity, and adopting Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) strategies to mitigate the impacts of water scarcity and improve long-term sustainability.