Artificial intelligence in agriculture

The current economic system demands, on one hand, a transformation of the model due to its negative environmental effects, but on the other hand, it demands an increase in agricultural productivity in response to food shortages and projected population growth. In this regard, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) is presented as a technological alternative to address these challenges. Therefore, this study explored the use of artificial intelligence in agriculture from the perspective of sustainable development. The research followed a documentary design, reviewing academic literature from the past five years. The review found different automation experiences across the agricultural production chain, including planting, harvesting, crop monitoring, and climate and soil analysis, where artificial intelligence tools are applied. These tools provide accurate and predictive information related to agricultural practices while using machine learning, robotics, unmanned aircraft, conversational intelligence, and sensors, among others. Sustainable development highlights the privilege of the productivity dimension, determined by the optimal use of resources aimed at sustainability in agricultural processes. Finally, it is important to continue investigating the social, political, ethical, legal, and environmental implications of AI in agriculture, since there is a real need to establish regulatory frameworks that allow promoting but also controlling it to ensure an equitable and supportive use for the benefit of humanity and sustainable development.