Research Progress on Epigenetic Regulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons or deterioration in their structure and function, posing significant burdens on both society and affected families. Increasing evidence suggests that their pathogenesis is closely associated with epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. epigenetic regulation refers to molecular mechanisms that modulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, such as dynamic changes in DNA lamentation and gene silencing mediated by non-coding RNAs. These mechanisms influence neuronal differentiation, apoptosis, and functional status, thereby impacting the development and maintenance of the nervous system. An expanding body of research has highlighted the associations between various epigenetic factors and Neurodegenerative diseases, supporting the clinical translation of circulating non-coding RNAs as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers. These findings provide potential targets for early intervention and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review aims to systematically summarize recent advances in the study of epigenetic regulation in human Neurodegenerative diseases. Through a comprehensive analysis of the relevant literature, we elucidate the key mechanistic roles of epigenetic regulation in disease onset and progression, offering a theoretical basis for identifying potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Ultimately, this review seeks to contribute new insights and strategies for delaying neurodegeneration and improving the prevention and treatment of Neurodegenerative disorders.