PARLIAMENTARISM AS A DOCTRINE: WORLD AND UKRAINIAN EXPERIENCE

The article examines parliamentarism as a fundamental political and legal doctrine that plays a key role in the formation of democratic statehood. The author analyzes the evolution of the idea of parliamentarism as a key element of democratic government, emphasizing its importance for ensuring the rule of law, checks and balances in state power, as well as the political responsibility of the government to society. The historical origins and main models of parliamentarism that have developed in world practice are analyzed, and the stages of the formation and development of Ukrainian parliamentarism in the conditions of independence are characterized. Attention is focused on various models of parliamentarism that have developed in countries with developed democratic traditions, in particular in Great Britain, Germany, France, and the Scandinavian countries. Special attention is paid to the Ukrainian experience of parliamentarism, including its historical origins, the period of Soviet rule, and the peculiarities of the formation of the parliamentary system after the declaration of independence. Both the regulatory and legal foundations of the activities of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the problems that hinder the effective implementation of parliamentary functions in modern conditions are considered, in particular, political fragmentation, lack of transparency, the influence of oligarchic groups, and the crisis of trust on the part of society.