A GNN-Based Distributed Beamforming Design for MIMO Cell-Free ISAC Networks

This correspondence proposes an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network architecture, designed to realize extra sensing capability over multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) cell-free communication networks. In the system, homogeneous base stations (BSs) equipped with dual-function radar-communication transmitters coherently serve users and targets, while the radar receiver is situated separately from the BSs. Based on this, a multi-objective optimization problem for joint sensing and communication design is formulated. To address the problem, a graph-based optimization algorithm is developed, enabling distributed beamforming at each BS. Simulation results validate the feasibility of the proposed network architecture and demonstrate the performance advantages of the graph-based optimization algorithm.