BCCG: Blockchain-Assisted Cross-Domain and Group Authentication Protocol for Vehicle Networks

In the dynamic moving process of vehicle clusters, there are several challenges, including inefficiencies, cross-domain trust issues and privacy leakage. To address these issues, we propose a blockchain-assisted group and cross-domain authentication key agreement, which implements distributed key management based on a threshold key sharing scheme, and realizes group authentication and group key distribution for vehicle clusters through the collaboration of roadside units (RSUs) and Key Generation Center (KGC). Meanwhile, a cross-domain trust chain is constructed based on blockchain to accomplish secure cross-domain authentication and key agreement without the participation of the original KGC, which solves the problem of trust deficiency and single-point vulnerability in the process of cross-domain communication. Finally, we employed Real-or-Random (ROR) formal security analysis and the ProVerif tool to verify that the proposed authentication scheme, the results show that the proposed scheme is secure and superior to existing schemes in terms of communication and computational overhead.