The hyperspace $$\omega (f)$$ when f is a transitive dendrite mapping

Abstract Let X be a compact metric space. By $$2^X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> we denote the hyperspace of all closed and non-empty subsets of X endowed with the Hausdorff metric. Let $$f:X\rightarrow X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be a continuous function. We study some topological properties of the hyperspace $$\omega (f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the collection of all omega limits sets $$\omega (x,f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with $$x\in X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We prove the following: (i) If X has no isolated points, then, for every continuous function $$f:X\rightarrow X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $${{\,\textrm{int}\,}}_{2^X}(\omega (f))=\varnothing $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>int</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∅</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . (ii) If X is a dendrite for which every arc contains a free arc and $$f:X\rightarrow X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is transitive, then the hyperspace $$\omega (f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is totally disconnected. (iii) Let $$D_\infty $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> be the Ważewski’s universal dendrite. Then there exists a transitive continuous function $$f:D_\infty \rightarrow D_\infty $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for which the hyperspace $$\omega (f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> contains an arc; hence, $$\omega (f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is not totally disconnected.

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Journal
European Journal of Mathematics
Published
2025-08-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40879-025-00852-7
Primary Topic
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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article
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article

The hyperspace $$\omega (f)$$ when f is a transitive dendrite mapping

Yajaida N. Velázquez-Inzunza, Jorge M. Martínez-Montejano, H. Méndez
European Journal of Mathematics
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
article

The hyperspace $$\omega (f)$$ when f is a transitive dendrite mapping

Yajaida N. Velázquez-Inzunza, Jorge M. Martínez-Montejano, H. Méndez
article en

Abstract

Abstract Let X be a compact metric space. By $$2^X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> we denote the hyperspace of all closed and non-empty subsets of X endowed with the Hausdorff metric. Let $$f:X\rightarrow X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be a continuous function. We study some topological properties of the hyperspace $$\omega (f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the collection of all omega limits sets $$\omega (x,f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with $$x\in X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We prove the following: (i) If X has no isolated points, then, for every continuous function $$f:X\rightarrow X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $${{\,\textrm{int}\,}}_{2^X}(\omega (f))=\varnothing $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>int</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∅</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . (ii) If X is a dendrite for which every arc contains a free arc and $$f:X\rightarrow X$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is transitive, then the hyperspace $$\omega (f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is totally disconnected. (iii) Let $$D_\infty $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> be the Ważewski’s universal dendrite. Then there exists a transitive continuous function $$f:D_\infty \rightarrow D_\infty $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for which the hyperspace $$\omega (f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> contains an arc; hence, $$\omega (f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is not totally disconnected.

European Journal of MathematicsVol. 11(3)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Openalex Percentile: Top 71%
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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