Robust and Semi-Robust Findings From Giftedness and Talent Research: Results of a Secondary-Order Scoping Review on Meta-Analyses

In this second-order scoping review—that is, a broad overview of research on a particular topic, identifying key concepts and evidence gaps—we (a) provide an overview of robust (and semi-robust) findings in giftedness and talent research and (b) identify areas where giftedness and talent research has not yet produced robust (and semi-robust) findings. Of the 23 meta-analyses published between 2000 and 2023 that were identified using our search terms, 17 were categorized as robust and six as semi-robust. The most frequently considered outcome variables were achievement, cognitive processing, socioemotional factors, traits, and identification. Further topics included interventions’ effects and group differences, particularly regarding groups underrepresented in gifted education. The findings are summarized in a condensed list. The lack of standard definitions and operationalizations of crucial terms is particularly critical. We suggest that further meta-research should be used to identify robust findings on giftedness.