All‐Arthroscopic Membrane Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Femoral Cartilage Defects

Membrane autologous chondrocyte implantation (m-ACI) has become an increasingly applied and effective method for treating cartilage defects. Traditional open m-ACI procedures prolong patient recovery time and increase the risks of trauma and knee stiffness. With the application of fibrin glue and improvements in surgical skills, the procedure has evolved from traditional open surgery to an all-arthroscopic technique. This transition has made m-ACI a minimally invasive, cosmetically favorable surgical procedure, which facilitates faster recovery and is increasingly promoted.