Uterine and Ovarian Stromal Blood Flow in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Healthy Women by Doppler Ultrasonography: A Comparative Study

A BSTRACT Aims: This study aims to evaluate and compare ultrasonographic parameters between women diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls to enhance the diagnostic and prognostic utility of Doppler ultrasonography in reproductive health. Settings and Design: A prospective comparative study. Sample selection was conducted using simple random sampling technique. Subjects and Methods: A comparative study was conducted involving 70 women with PCOS and 70 healthy controls. Participants were selected using simple random sampling, and the study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography was performed to measure ovarian volume, follicle count, uterine resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and ovarian RI and PI. Statistical analysis included comparisons of these parameters between the two groups. Statistical Analysis Used: All the data were presented as mean and standard deviation. Continuous variables were compared using the independent sample t -test. Significance was defined by P < 0.05 using a two-tailed test. Data analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS Version 21.0 (IBM, SPSS Science Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Significant differences were observed between the PCOS and control groups. The PCOS group had a higher mean body mass index (BMI) (26.59 ± 3.08 vs. 22.81 ± 2.05, P < 0.0001) and larger ovarian volume (10.39 ± 1.06 cm 3 vs. 5.05 ± 1.49 cm 3 , P < 0.0001). Uterine artery PI and RI were higher in the PCOS group (PI: 3.81 ± 1.42 vs. 2.09 ± 1.06, P < 0.0001; RI: 1.02 ± 0.13 vs. 0.75 ± 0.12, P < 0.0001). Conversely, the ovarian artery PI was lower (0.97 ± 0.56 vs. 1.35 ± 0.43, P < 0.0001) and RI was significantly lower in the PCOS group (0.64 ± 0.18 vs. 0.74 ± 0.24, P = 0.006). Conclusions: Significant differences in BMI, ovarian volume, and vascular indices were identified between women with PCOS and healthy volunteers. These findings can aid in a better understanding and diagnosis of PCOS through ultrasonographic parameters.