Infective Endocarditis and Valve Surgery in a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient Following Splenectomy: A Case Report with Immunological Analysis

SLE leads to significant immune dysregulation, making patients more susceptible to infections, especially when combined with immunosuppressive therapy. This case demonstrates dynamic changes in immune markers, such as KLRG1, Tim-3, and PD-1, following infection and surgery, highlighting the necessary for monitoring of immune function in SLE patients. Changes in T and B cell component emphasize the importance of tailored treatment strategies to keep immune imbalances in these patients. Ongoing research into immune tolerance and exhaustion mechanisms will be crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes in SLE.