Distinct Curvature Response of Antiferromagnetic Skyrmions: Peak–Valley Velocity Enabling Spintronic Diode

The dynamics of antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmions in a U-shaped nanotrack are investigated to elucidate the influence of curvature on their behavior. Observations show the motion of AFM skyrmions in the U-shaped track exhibits significant differences compared to ferromagnetic (FM) skyrmions. Specifically, the velocity of the AFM skyrmion reaches a peak as it moves from the straight segment into the curved portion of the track. Meanwhile, it exhibits a valley when re-entering the straight segment. Energy analysis reveals the energy of the skyrmion in the curved track is lower than in the straight track. The velocity peaks and valleys arise due to energy variations at the junctions between the straight and curved segments. Leveraging the curvature-sensitive characteristics of AFM skyrmions, we propose an AFM diode design and validate its conduction performance. This study provides a design scheme relying on curvature effects for the future development of spintronic devices based on AFM skyrmions.