A dynamic average consensus-based control strategy for optimal current-sharing and voltage regulation in DC microgrids

This paper proposes a novel distributed secondary control strategy for DC microgrids that ensures proportional current-sharing between distributed generators (DGs) while maintaining voltage stability under dynamic conditions. Unlike existing methods, our approach integrates a dynamic average consensus algorithm within a hierarchical framework and formulates the control as a convex optimization problem, enabling systematic parameter tuning and providing rigorous global stability guarantees. A reduced-order model of the microgrid, derived via Kron reduction, captures the essential dynamics for a tractable analysis, and Lyapunov-based techniques are employed to establish asymptotic stability under varying load and network configurations. Simulation results demonstrate precise voltage regulation and current-sharing, with a steady-state current-sharing error below 1.5% and load disturbances stabilized within 0.2 seconds after a 25% load increase. According to a comparative assessment, our method surpasses centralized and decentralized strategies in terms of scalability, robustness, and control accuracy, which confirms its practicality for real-world microgrid applications. • Distributed control ensures optimal current sharing in DC microgrids. • Voltage regulation achieved using a dynamic consensus algorithm. • Lyapunov-based method guarantees closed-loop system stability. • Convex gain-tuning improves robustness under varying conditions.