Reintegration experiences of human trafficking returnees in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

This study explores the reintegration experiences of human trafficking returnees in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, focusing on the social, psychological, and economic dimensions of reintegration, while also assessing the effectiveness of support mechanisms provided by governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Underpinned by Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, which emphasizes the influence of multiple environmental systems on an individual’s development, this study adopts an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design to capture both quantitative and qualitative data. The study's sample comprises 120 female trafficking returnees, with 100 participants surveyed quantitatively and 20 individuals providing qualitative insights through in-depth interviews. The results reveal significant psychological, economic, and social challenges faced by the returnees. Economically, while some returnees benefit from vocational training and small grants, many struggle to achieve lasting financial independence. Social support, primarily provided by NGOs, is critical, but the involvement of the government is inconsistent, creating disparities in the effectiveness of reintegration efforts. The study concludes that while NGOs play a pivotal role in the reintegration process, there is a need for stronger, more consistent government involvement and a more coordinated, holistic approach to reintegration. One major recommendation from the study is to enhance psychological support services by expanding access to trauma-informed counseling, therapy, and peer support groups, which would help facilitate the long-term recovery and adjustment of trafficking survivors, addressing their emotional and psychological challenges more effectively.