Evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of symptom-based screening for soil-transmitted helminth infections in children in coastal areas of Indonesia

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in many low-income, developing countries with poor environmental sanitation. Children of preschool and school age are particularly vulnerable to STH infection. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of clinical complaints in detecting STH infection among elementary school-aged children living in coastal areas of Indonesia. A descriptive, observational design was employed, involving 64 children. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire that assessed respondent characteristics and symptoms, followed by a stool examination using the Kato-Katz method to confirm the status of STH infection. The findings revealed a prevalence rate of 21.9% for STH infection. Among the reported complaints, diarrhea demonstrated the highest sensitivity (78.6%). In terms of specificity, complaints of itching around the anus and frequent diarrhea yielded the highest specificity values, at 82% and 74%, respectively. These results highlight key symptomatic indicators that could support early detection and targeted interventions for STH infections in coastal regions.