Perceived Impact of Extreme Climatic Events on Agricultural Livelihoods: A Study in Coastal Region of West Bengal, India

Climate change has intensified the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events, posing serious risks to agriculture and livelihoods in vulnerable coastal regions. This study investigates farmers’ perceptions of such events in four blocks of coastal West Bengal—Mathurapur II and Kultali in South 24 Parganas, and Ramnagar I and II in East Medinipur. Using an ex-post facto research design with 300 respondents, the study evaluates perceived impacts on crop productivity, soil and water resources, income, food security, and employment. Findings reveal that farmers in South 24 Parganas, especially Kultali, reported higher agricultural losses and soil salinity intrusion, while those in East Medinipur highlighted frequent crop damage from cyclones and flooding. Livelihood impacts were perceived as severe across all blocks, though migration and indebtedness were particularly acute in Ramnagar I and II. These variations underscore the block-specific nature of vulnerability within the coastal zone. The results also demonstrate that extreme climatic events disrupt not only production but also broader livelihood entitlements, reinforcing the cycle of poverty and risk exposure. The study concludes that strengthening climate-resilient agriculture, improving disaster preparedness, and promoting alternative livelihoods are essential for safeguarding coastal farming communities. Insights from this research contribute to participatory policy design, supporting Sustainable Development Goals related to poverty reduction, food security, and climate action.