Multi-level structural mechanical behavior and surface contact characteristics of fabric-reinforced rubber seals

As a critical component of aircraft, fabric-reinforced rubber seals primarily are designed to provide reliable sealing performance. The distribution of surface contact stress directly determines the sealing effectiveness and has a significant impact on the design of aircraft door. This study systematically investigates the macroscopic mechanical behavior and surface contact stress distribution characteristics of the Auxiliary power unit door’s fabric-reinforced rubber seals. First, based on the representative volume element model and finite element analysis, the mechanical properties and overall macrostructure of the microscopic components of the seal were characterized, and the accuracy and reliability of the finite element model were verified by experiments. Subsequently, the effects of varying compression levels on surface contact characteristics were analyzed, revealing the evolution and distribution patterns of surface contact stress on the seals. Finally, the influence of different bending degrees and widths on the stress distribution and surface contact characteristics of the seals was examined. This research develops a framework for the multi-level structural mechanical behavior of fabric-reinforced rubber. The results provide a quantitative analysis method and design basis for optimizing the compatibility between seals and aircraft door frame, which enhances the sealing performance and reliability of the structure.