One-Dimensional Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks Enable Real-Time Chemiresistive Detection of Thermal Runaway Gases

The rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry has raised concerns about battery thermal runaway, which poses serious safety risks. Real-time detection of characteristic gases is crucial for early warning, but there is a lack of highly sensitive and selective gas-sensing materials, especially for carbon monoxide (CO) detection at room temperature in oxygen-free environments. Here, a novel one-dimensional (1D) conductive metal-organic framework (MOF) is synthesized as a highly sensitive and selective room-temperature CO gas-sensing material for battery thermal runaway detection. 1D Cu₂DADHA (DADHA = 1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone) MOF was synthesized in both powder and thin-film forms via a scalable solvothermal method and liquid-liquid interface assembly. The chemiresistive CO sensors based on Cu₂DADHA exhibit the highest reported response (93.2%) to 100 ppm of CO under room-temperature, anhydrous, and oxygen-free conditions, with an ultralow detection limit of 235 ppb, high sensitivity, selectivity, and long-term stability. Mechanistic studies indicate that CO coordinates with Cu sites, inducing charge transfer and producing a detectable electrical response. An integrated wireless sensor module based on Cu₂DADHA enables real-time CO monitoring in simulated battery cells, with Bluetooth-based data transmission to mobile devices, offering a promising approach for early warning detection of battery thermal runaway in applications.