Influence of the nutritional model on the formation of the inflammatory bowel process

The increased incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases is closely related to the transition of the world’s population to the Western model of nutrition, which is characterized by high consumption of processed and refined foods, red meat, sugar, saturated and trans fats, and reduced consumption of fruits, vegetables and dietary fiber. Thus, a diet high in sugars contributes to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases, causing significant changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome and immune responses in the mucous membrane, as well as increased formation of reactive oxygen species, which disrupts the function of the intestinal barrier and promotes inflammation. A high-fat diet alters the diversity of the intestinal microbiota due to colonization of the intestine by adhesive-invasive bacterial strains and causes low-intensity inflammation in the intestinal wall, affecting the function of proteins of the dense contacts of the mucous membrane, disrupting the barrier function of the intestine. The results obtained emphasize the need for targeted nutrition interventions that will benefit patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. The integration of diet therapy with traditional drug treatment can optimize a comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.