Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial neoplasms: Current status and future perspectives

This commentary addresses the evolving landscape of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs), highlighting recent advances aimed at refining risk stratification and minimally invasive therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.Current understanding, synthesized from clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and diverse endoscopic techniques, reveals that SNADETs (incidence 0.02%-0.50%)are increasingly detected.While endoscopy remains the cornerstone diagnostic modality, and various endoscopic resection methods offer viable treatment options, each with specific indications and limitations, the unique anatomical vulnerability of the duodenum continues to pose significant challenges.Future progress hinges on developing artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostics and novel closure devices, establishing standardized diagnostic criteria and riskstratified treatment guidelines, and conducting multicenter trials to compare therapeutic efficacy, ultimately optimizing management pathways to enhance survival and quality of life.