Real randomized measurements for analyzing properties of quantum states
Randomized measurements are useful for analyzing quantum systems, especially when quantum control is not fully perfect. However, their practical realization typically requires multiple rotations in the complex space due to the adoption of random unitaries. Here, we introduce two simplified randomized measurements that limit rotations in a subspace of the complex space. The first is real randomized measurements (RRMs) with orthogonal evolution and real local observables. The second is partial real randomized measurements (PRRMs) with orthogonal evolution and imaginary local observables. We show that these measurement protocols exhibit different abilities in capturing correlations of bipartite systems. We explore various applications of RRMs and PRRMs in different quantum information tasks such as characterizing high-dimensional entanglement, quantum imaginarity, and predicting properties of quantum states with classical shadow.
Authors
- Otfried Gühne (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6033-0867)
- Satoya Imai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-7743)
- Shuheng Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-1888)
- Qiongyi He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2408-4320)
- Jin‐Min Liang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8210-1504)
- Shao-Ming Fei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2412-8626)
Institutions
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- Shanxi University (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- University of Siegen (DE)
- Folkwang University of the Arts (DE)
- Hefei University (CN)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter (CN)
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (IT)
- Capital Normal University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. A/Physical review, A
- Published
- 2025-07-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/3nt1-jh38
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 7.44
Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- Chinesisch-Deutsche Zentrum für Wissenschaftsförderung
- Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation