Aplicación de la jerarquía de controles de la norma ISO 45001 en la prevención de riesgos laborales

This study aimed to analyze the application of the hierarchy of controls established in the ISO 45001:2018 standard as a fundamental tool in occupational risk prevention. This research arose from the need to strengthen occupational health and safety management systems, revealing that many organizations prioritize less effective controls, such as the use of personal protective equipment, instead of eliminating or replacing hazards. The study was conducted through a bibliographic review of academic sources indexed in Scielo, Redalyc, and Dialnet, and the analysis of real-life cases in different productive sectors. It was found that proper application of the hierarchy significantly improves preventive effectiveness and reduces accidents. The main contribution of this study is to provide practical guidelines for more effective implementation, promoting a proactive organizational culture regarding OSH.